# sources:
# http://askubuntu.com/questions/18372/how-can-i-find-out-what-ram-a-computer-system-has

RAM
sudo lshw -short -C memory
sudo lshw -C memory
sudo dmidecode -t memory

VGA memory
sudo dmesg | grep Reserving
[    0.000000] Reserving Intel graphics stolen memory at 0x5ef00000-0x7eefffff
compute now using a hexadecimal calculator 7eefffff - 5ef00000 + 1
the result is 512 * 1024 * 1024 which means 512 MB of memory
other related commands:
sudo dmesg | grep memory
lspci -v | grep -A10 VGA
grep -i mem /var/log/Xorg.0.log
sudo dmesg | grep drm
sudo dmesg | grep "Memory usable by graphics device"

BIOS
dmesg | grep -i BIOS